Quantum entanglement Archives - IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering

Fast State Stabilization Using Deep Reinforcement Learning for Measurement-Based Quantum Feedback Control

September 4, 2025Chunxiang Song Yanan Liu Daoyi Dong Hidehiro YonezawaQuantum ComputingConvergence, Current measurement, Deep Reinforcement Learning, Feedback control, Quantum computing, Quantum entanglement, Quantum state, Quantum system, Trajectory, Velocity measurement

Abstract: The stabilization of quantum states is a fundamental problem for realizing various quantum technologies. Measurement-based-feedback strategies have demonstrated powerful performance, and the construction of quantum control signals using measurement information has attracted great interest. However, the interaction between quantum systems and the environment is inevitable, especially when measurements are introduced, which leads to decoherence. […]

Fidelity-Aware Multipath Routing for Multipartite State Distribution in Quantum Networks

July 14, 2025Evan Sutcliffe; Alejandra BeghelliQuantum InternetNoise measurement, Performance evaluation, Probabilistic logic, Quantum entanglement, Quantum networks, Qubit, Routing, Routing protocols, Stars, Steiner trees

Abstract: We consider the problem of distributing entangled multipartite states across a quantum network with improved distribution rate and fidelity. For this, we propose fidelity-aware multipath routing protocols, assess their performance in terms of the rate and fidelity of the distributed Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states, and compare such performance against that of single-path routing. Simulation results […]

Quantum Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum CDMA Communication Systems: Mathematical Foundations

April 15, 2025Mohammad Amir Dastgheib; Jawad A. Salehi; Mohammad RezaiQuantum InternetCommunication systems, Electro-optic modulators, Encoding, Interference, Modulation, Multiaccess communication, Photonics, Quantum communication, Quantum entanglement, Quantum mechanics

Abstract: This article describes the fundamental principles and mathematical foundations of quantum direct-sequence spread-spectrum code division multiple-access communication systems. The evolution of quantum signals through the quantum direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access communication system is carefully characterized by a novel approach called the decomposition of creation operators. In this methodology, the creation operator of the transmitted quantum […]

Optimized Distribution of Entanglement Graph States in Quantum Networks

March 17, 2025Xiaojie Fan, Caitao Zhan, Himanshu Gupta, C. R. RamakrishnanQuantum InternetAtom optics, Fans, Logic gates, Optical devices, Optical network units, Quantum computing, Quantum entanglement, Quantum networks, Qubit, Tree graphs

Building large-scale quantum computers, essential to demonstrating quantum advantage, is a key challenge. Quantum networks can help address this challenge by enabling the construction of large, robust, and more capable quantum computing platforms by connecting smaller quantum computers. Moreover, unlike classical systems, quantum networks can enable fully secured long-distance communication. Thus, quantum networks lie at […]

Entanglement Routing in Quantum Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

February 11, 2025Amar Abane, Michael Cubeddu, Van Sy Mai, Abdella BattouQuantum InternetComputer architecture, Quantum channels, Quantum entanglement, Quantum repeaters, Repeaters, Reviews, Routing, Routing protocols, Surveys, Topology

Entanglement routing in near-term quantum networks consists of choosing the optimal sequence of short-range entanglements to combine through swapping operations to establish end-to-end entanglement between two distant nodes. Similar to traditional routing technologies, a quantum routing protocol uses network information to choose the best paths to satisfy a set of end-to-end entanglement requests. However, in […]

Quantum Two-Way Protocol Beyond Superdense Coding: Joint Transfer of Data and Entanglement

January 10, 2025Kristian S. Jensen, Lorenzo Valentini, René B. Christensen, Marco Chiani, Petar PopovskiQuantum InternetEncoding, Metadata, Photonics, Proposals, Protocols, Quantum channels, Quantum entanglement, Qubit, Repeaters, Throughput

In this article, we introduce a generalization of one-way superdense coding to two-way communication protocols for transmitting classical bits by using entangled quantum pairs. The proposed protocol jointly addresses the provision of entangled pairs and superdense coding, introducing an integrated approach for managing entanglement within the communication protocol. To assess the performance of the proposed […]

Fault-Tolerant One-Way Noiseless Amplification for Microwave Bosonic Quantum Information Processing

August 7, 2024Hany Khalifa, Riku Jäntti, Gheorghe Sorin ParaoanuQuantum InternetComputational modeling, Logic gates, Microwave amplifiers, Photonics, Propagation losses, Quantum entanglement, Qubit

Microwave quantum information networks require reliable transmission of single-photon propagating modes over lossy channels. In this article, we propose a microwave noiseless linear amplifier (NLA) suitable to circumvent the losses incurred by a flying photon undergoing an amplitude damping channel (ADC). The proposed model is constructed by engineering a simple 1-D four-node cluster state. Contrary […]

Resource Placement for Rate and Fidelity Maximization in Quantum Networks

July 23, 2024Shahrooz Pouryousef, Hassan Shapourian, Alireza Shabani, Ramana Kompella, Don TowsleyQuantum Networking & CommunicationsCoherence time, Optimization, Planning, Quantum entanglement, Quantum repeaters, Qubit, Repeaters

Existing classical optical network infrastructure cannot be immediately used for quantum network applications due to photon loss. The first step toward enabling quantum networks is the integration of quantum repeaters into optical networks. However, the expenses and intrinsic noise inherent in quantum hardware underscore the need for an efficient deployment strategy that optimizes the placement […]

Resource Placement for Rate and Fidelity Maximization in Quantum Networks

July 23, 2024Shahrooz Pouryousef, Hassan Shapourian, Alireza Shabani, Ramana Kompella, Don TowsleyQuantum InternetCoherence time, Optimization, Planning, Quantum entanglement, Quantum repeaters, Qubit, Repeaters

Approximate Solutions of Combinatorial Problems via Quantum Relaxations

July 4, 2024Bryce Fuller, Charles Hadfield, Jennifer R. Glick, Takashi Imamichi, Toshinari Itoko, Richard J. Thompson, Yang Jiao, Marna M. Kagele, Adriana W. Blom-Schieber, Rudy Raymond, Antonio MezzacapoQuantum ComputingCodes, Computers, Optimization, Quantum entanglement, Quantum state, Qubit, Stationary state

Combinatorial problems are formulated to find optimal designs within a fixed set of constraints and are commonly found across diverse engineering and scientific domains. Understanding how to best use quantum computers for combinatorial optimization remains an ongoing area of study. Here, we propose new methods for producing approximate solutions to quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problems, […]