Quantum Internet Archives - IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering

InterQnet: A Heterogeneous Full-Stack Approach to Co-designing Scalable Quantum Networks

March 18, 2026Joaquin Chung, Daniel Dilley, Ely Eastman, Alvin Gonzales, Kara Hokenstad, Md Shariful Islam, Varun Jorapur, Joseph Petrullo, Andy C. Y. Li, Bikun Li, Vasileios Niaouris, Anirudh Ramesh, Ansh Singal, Zeyu Ye, Caitao Zhan, Michael Bishof, Eric Chitambar, Jacob P. Covey, Alan Dibos, Xu Han, Liang Jiang, Prem Kumar, Jeffrey Larson, Zain H. Saleem, Rajkumar KettimuthuEarly Access, Quantum InternetHardware, Optical fiber devices, Optical fiber networks, Optical fiber polarization, Optical fiber theory, Protocols, Quantum entanglement, Quantum repeaters, Repeaters, Scalability

Abstract: Quantum communications have progressed significantly, moving from a theoretical concept to small-scale experiments to recent metropolitan-scale demonstrations. As the technology matures, it is expected to revolutionize quantum computing in much the same way that classical networks revolutionized classical computing. Quantum communications will also enable breakthroughs in quantum sensing, metrology, and other areas. However, scalability […]

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing Continuous-Variable Terahertz QKD for Large-Scale Wireless Quantum Communication

March 2, 2026Mingqi Zhang, Kaveh DelfanazariQuantum InternetFast Fourier transforms, Frequency modulation, Hardware, Noise, OFDM, Protocols, Security, Terahertz communications, Terahertz radiation, Wireless communication

Abstract: In this article, we introduce a continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) protocol that combines orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing with terahertz (THz) carriers to deliver high-throughput and hardware-compatible quantum communication. By distributing quantum states across multiple subcarriers, our approach achieves a noticeable increase in spectral efficiency while mitigating dispersion and atmospheric losses that limit the performance […]

Realistic Quantum Network Simulation for Experimental BBM92 Key Distribution

February 9, 2026Michelle Chalupnik, Brian Doolittle, Suparna Seshadri, Eric G. Brown, Keith Kenemer, Daniel Winton, Daniel Sanchez-Rosales, Matthew Skrzypczyk, Cara Alexander, Eric Ostby, Michael CubedduQuantum InternetDetectors, Discrete event simulation, Encryption, Measurement by laser beam, Optical fiber networks, Photonics, Protocols, Quantum entanglement, Quantum networks, Qubit

Abstract: Quantum key distribution (QKD) can provide secure key material between two parties without relying on assumptions about the computational power of an eavesdropper. QKD is performed over quantum links and quantum networks, systems which are resource-intensive to deploy and maintain. To evaluate and optimize performance prior to, during, and after deployment, accurate simulations with […]

Quantum Rotation Diversity in Displaced Squeezed Binary Phase-Shift Keying

January 29, 2026Ioannis KrikidisQuantum InternetBinary phase shift keying, Fading channels, Noise, Optical fiber communication, Optical fibers, Optical receivers, Optical transmitters, Photonics, Symbols, Wireless communication

Abstract: We propose a quantum rotation diversity (QRD) scheme for optical quantum communication using binary phase-shift-keying displaced squeezed states and homodyne detection over Gamma–Gamma turbulence channels. Consecutive temporal modes are coupled by a passive orthogonal rotation that redistributes the displacement amplitude between slots, yielding a diversity order of two under independent fading and joint maximum-likelihood […]

Bridging All-Photonic and Memory-Based Quantum Repeaters

January 12, 2026Naphan Benchasattabuse, Michal Hajdušek, Rodney Van MeterQuantum InternetArchitecture, Logic gates, Memory management, Photonics, Protocols, Quantum entanglement, Quantum repeaters, Quantum state, Qubit, Repeaters

Abstract: The all-photonic quantum repeater scheme based on repeater graph states (RGSs) offers a promising approach for constructing quantum networks without relying on long-coherence-time quantum memories, which remain a significant technological challenge. Despite substantial progress in defining new schemes for generating RGSs, and in analyzing their performance for the task of secret key generation, the […]

Quantum Error Correction for Second-Generation Quantum Repeaters

December 31, 2025Dawei Jiao, Mahdi Bayanifar, Alexei Ashikhmin, Olav TirkkonenQuantum InternetCodes, Error correction codes, Generators, Logic gates, Purification, Quantum entanglement, Quantum repeaters, Qubit, Repeaters, Vectors

Abstract: In this article, we consider second-generation (2G) quantum repeaters (QRs) for creating long-distance entanglement in quantum networks. Combining a distance-dependent depolarizing error model with the nonlocal Bell state purification procedure required by 2G QRs leads to an error model consisting of correlated and biased errors. To correct correlated errors, nonsymmetric Calderbank–Steane–Shor (CSS) codes with […]

On-Demand Resource Allocation for a Quantum Network Hub

December 9, 2025Scarlett Gauthier, Thirupathaiah Vasantam, Gayane VardoyanQuantum InternetCalibration, Hardware, Numerical models, Optical switches, Photonics, Quantum entanglement, Quantum networks, Qubit, Resource management, Telephone sets

Abstract: To effectively support the execution of quantum network applications for multiple sets of user-controlled quantum nodes, a quantum network must efficiently allocate shared resources. We study traffic models for a type of quantum network hub called an entanglement generation switch (EGS), a device that allocates resources to enable entanglement generation between nodes in response […]

Optimal Control-Assisted Rapid Quantum State Transfer on 1-D Spin Chain

December 8, 2025Kai Zhang, Sen KuangQuantum InternetCouplings, Impurities, Protocols, Quantum entanglement, Quantum state, Qubit, Receivers, Semiconductor device measurement, Teleportation, Temperature measurement

Abstract: Traditional many-body teleportation relies on the strong interaction property of a quantum many-body system, which usually requires numerous qubits and entanglement resources, making it difficult to realize experimentally. A natural scheme is to use a 1-D spin chain with simple structure to realize many-body teleportation. In this article, we analyze the conditions for general […]

Combined Physical- and Link-Layer Protocols for Quantum Networks

November 7, 2025Benedikt Baier, Ria Rosenauer, Vili Li, Christian Deppe, Wolfgang KellererQuantum InternetAccuracy, Atomic measurements, Biological system modeling, Delays, Photon detectors, Protocols, Quantum entanglement, Quantum networks, Qubit, Runtime

Abstract: Future communication systems are expected to integrate quantum networks to enable highly secure communication and enhance computational capabilities. In quantum networks, communication is accomplished by sharing entanglement between remote locations, which is the basis for most known quantum protocols. Entanglement is a correlation between qubits that is not reproducible with classical means. However, as […]

Fidelity-Aware Multipath Routing for Multipartite State Distribution in Quantum Networks

July 14, 2025Evan Sutcliffe; Alejandra BeghelliQuantum InternetNoise measurement, Performance evaluation, Probabilistic logic, Quantum entanglement, Quantum networks, Qubit, Routing, Routing protocols, Stars, Steiner trees

Abstract: We consider the problem of distributing entangled multipartite states across a quantum network with improved distribution rate and fidelity. For this, we propose fidelity-aware multipath routing protocols, assess their performance in terms of the rate and fidelity of the distributed Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states, and compare such performance against that of single-path routing. Simulation results […]