Protocols Archives - IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering

Quantum Communication Complexity of Regularized Linear Regression Protocols

April 24, 2026Sayaki MatsushitaEarly Access, Open AccessCircuit synthesis, Circuits, Circuits and systems, Communication systems, Electronic mail, HTTP, Protocols, Quantum circuit, Quantum communication

Abstract: Linear regression is fundamental to statistical analysis and machine learning, but its application to large-scale datasets necessitates distributed computing. The problem also arises in quantum computing, where handling extensive data requires distributed approaches. This paper investigates distributed linear regression in the quantum coordinator model. Building upon the distributed quantum least squares protocol developed by […]

Robust Design Under Uncertainty in Quantum Error Mitigation

April 3, 2026Maksym Prodius, Piotr Czarnik, Michael McKerns, Andrew T. Sornborger, Lukasz CincioOpen Access, Quantum ComputingCircuit synthesis, Circuits, Circuits and systems, Communication systems, Protocols, Quantum circuit, Quantum communication, Radio access networks, Regional area networks

Abstract: Error mitigation techniques are crucial to achieving near-term quantum advantage. Classical post-processing of quantum computation outcomes is a popular approach for error mitigation, which includes methods such as Zero Noise Extrapolation, Virtual Distillation, and learning-based error mitigation. However, these techniques have limitations due to the propagation of uncertainty resulting from the finite shot number […]

InterQnet: A Heterogeneous Full-Stack Approach to Co-designing Scalable Quantum Networks

March 18, 2026Joaquin Chung, Daniel Dilley, Ely Eastman, Alvin Gonzales, Kara Hokenstad, Md Shariful Islam, Varun Jorapur, Joseph Petrullo, Andy C. Y. Li, Bikun Li, Vasileios Niaouris, Anirudh Ramesh, Ansh Singal, Zeyu Ye, Caitao Zhan, Michael Bishof, Eric Chitambar, Jacob P. Covey, Alan Dibos, Xu Han, Liang Jiang, Prem Kumar, Jeffrey Larson, Zain H. Saleem, Rajkumar KettimuthuEarly Access, Quantum InternetHardware, Optical fiber devices, Optical fiber networks, Optical fiber polarization, Optical fiber theory, Protocols, Quantum entanglement, Quantum repeaters, Repeaters, Scalability

Abstract: Quantum communications have progressed significantly, moving from a theoretical concept to small-scale experiments to recent metropolitan-scale demonstrations. As the technology matures, it is expected to revolutionize quantum computing in much the same way that classical networks revolutionized classical computing. Quantum communications will also enable breakthroughs in quantum sensing, metrology, and other areas. However, scalability […]

Measurement-Informed Safe Reinforcement Learning for Quantum Battery Charging via Harmonic-Syndrome Diagnostics and BMS Constraints

March 3, 2026Sangkeum Lee, Beomdo Park, Junseong Park, Hyeonseok Jang, Hoon Jeong, Taewook HeoQuantum ComputingBatteries, Battery charge measurement, Couplings, Feature extraction, Hardware, Harmonic analysis, Pipelines, Protocols, Reinforcement learning, Safety

Abstract: Quantum batteries promise ultrafast energy storage but are highly sensitive to noise, drift, and hardware constraints, making safe high-performance charging a central challenge for noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. We propose a measurement-informed safe control framework that couples harmonic-spectrum-based syndrome diagnostics—H2/H1, H3/H1, and frequency drift—with a battery management system (BMS)-constrained curriculum reinforcement learning (RL) policy. […]

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing Continuous-Variable Terahertz QKD for Large-Scale Wireless Quantum Communication

March 2, 2026Mingqi Zhang, Kaveh DelfanazariQuantum InternetFast Fourier transforms, Frequency modulation, Hardware, Noise, OFDM, Protocols, Security, Terahertz communications, Terahertz radiation, Wireless communication

Abstract: In this article, we introduce a continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) protocol that combines orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing with terahertz (THz) carriers to deliver high-throughput and hardware-compatible quantum communication. By distributing quantum states across multiple subcarriers, our approach achieves a noticeable increase in spectral efficiency while mitigating dispersion and atmospheric losses that limit the performance […]

Parameter Analysis and Optimization of Layer Fidelity for Quantum Processor Benchmarking at Scale

February 26, 2026Maria Jose Lozano Palacio, Hasan Nayfeh, Matthew Ware, David C. McKayQuantum ComputingBenchmark testing, Cost function, Crosstalk, Logic gates, Monitoring, Object recognition, Performance evaluation, Protocols, Qubit, Stability analysis

Abstract: With the continued scaling of quantum processors, holistic benchmarks are essential for extensively evaluating device performance. Layer fidelity is a benchmark well-suited to assessing processor performance at scale. Key advantages of this benchmark include its natural alignment with randomized benchmarking (RB) procedures, crosstalk awareness, fast measurements over large numbers of qubits, high signal-to-noise ratio, […]

Differential Phase Encoded Plug-and-Play Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution

February 16, 2026Nilesh Sharma, Shashank Kumar Ranu, Prabha Mandayam, Anil PrabhakarQuantum InformationDetectors, Encoding, Frequency modulation, Interference, Laser beams, Mirrors, Phase measurement, Protocols, Quantum key distribution, Security

Abstract: Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) enhances security by removing vulnerabilities associated with detector side channels. Real-world implementations ofMDI-QKD face practical challenges, such as channel asymmetry and physical imperfections, which degrade the visibility of Hong–Ou–Mandel interference, an essential factor in determining the secure key rate. In this work, we evaluate the performance of differential phase […]

Realistic Quantum Network Simulation for Experimental BBM92 Key Distribution

February 9, 2026Michelle Chalupnik, Brian Doolittle, Suparna Seshadri, Eric G. Brown, Keith Kenemer, Daniel Winton, Daniel Sanchez-Rosales, Matthew Skrzypczyk, Cara Alexander, Eric Ostby, Michael CubedduQuantum InternetDetectors, Discrete event simulation, Encryption, Measurement by laser beam, Optical fiber networks, Photonics, Protocols, Quantum entanglement, Quantum networks, Qubit

Abstract: Quantum key distribution (QKD) can provide secure key material between two parties without relying on assumptions about the computational power of an eavesdropper. QKD is performed over quantum links and quantum networks, systems which are resource-intensive to deploy and maintain. To evaluate and optimize performance prior to, during, and after deployment, accurate simulations with […]

Bridging All-Photonic and Memory-Based Quantum Repeaters

January 12, 2026Naphan Benchasattabuse, Michal Hajdušek, Rodney Van MeterQuantum InternetArchitecture, Logic gates, Memory management, Photonics, Protocols, Quantum entanglement, Quantum repeaters, Quantum state, Qubit, Repeaters

Abstract: The all-photonic quantum repeater scheme based on repeater graph states (RGSs) offers a promising approach for constructing quantum networks without relying on long-coherence-time quantum memories, which remain a significant technological challenge. Despite substantial progress in defining new schemes for generating RGSs, and in analyzing their performance for the task of secret key generation, the […]

Optimal Control-Assisted Rapid Quantum State Transfer on 1-D Spin Chain

December 8, 2025Kai Zhang, Sen KuangQuantum InternetCouplings, Impurities, Protocols, Quantum entanglement, Quantum state, Qubit, Receivers, Semiconductor device measurement, Teleportation, Temperature measurement

Abstract: Traditional many-body teleportation relies on the strong interaction property of a quantum many-body system, which usually requires numerous qubits and entanglement resources, making it difficult to realize experimentally. A natural scheme is to use a 1-D spin chain with simple structure to realize many-body teleportation. In this article, we analyze the conditions for general […]