Protocols Archives - IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering

RuleSet Generation Framework for Application Layer Integration in Quantum Internet

August 31, 2026Rei Kawano, Shin Nishio, Hideaki Kawaguchi, Shota Nagayama, Takahiko SatohEarly Access, Open AccessInternet, Memory, Modeling, Protocols, Qubit, Repeaters, Schedules, Scheduling, Servers, Timing

Abstract: Layered architectures for the Quantum Internet have been proposed, inspired by that of the classical Internet, which has demonstrated high maintainability even in large-scale systems. While lower layers in the Quantum Internet, such as entanglement generation and distribution, have been extensively studied, the application layer — responsible for translating user requests into executable quantum-network […]

Entanglement Distribution and Teleportation in Assisted and Scalable Quantum Access Networks

August 11, 2026Amir Mohammad Yaghoobianzadeh, Jawad A. SalehiEarly Access, Open AccessDetectors, Joining processes, Matrices, Modeling, Passive optical networks, Probability, Protocols, Reviews, Teleportation, Textile fibers

Abstract: We have investigated the entanglement distribution and quantum teleportation in quantum passive optical networks (QPONs), where an entangled state is distributed between the central node and multiple end users through lossy fibers and passive optical splitter/combiner. The entanglement degradation is quantified using logarithmic negativity, and teleportation fidelity both in non-assisted and assisted strategies. We […]

Resource-Efficient Emulation of Majorana Zero Mode Braiding on a Superconducting Trijunction

July 1, 2026Rahul Singh, Weixin Lu, Kaelyn Ferris, Javad ShabaniEarly Access, Open AccessArm, Circuits, Couplers, Emulation, Evolution (biology), Hardware, Poles and zeros, Protocols, Qubit, Timing

Abstract: Topological superconductivity could host quasiparticles that are key candidates for fault tolerant quantum computation due to their immunity to noise as they obey non-Abelian exchange statistics. For example, in the case of Majorana Zero Modes (MZM), braiding enables two topologically protected quantum gates. While their direct manipulation in solid-state systems remains experimentally challenging, digital […]

Perfect Quantum Teleportation in Memory Amplitude-Damping Channels Based on Pre-flipping and Environment-Assisted Measurement

May 19, 2026Shiye Zhang, Sajede Harraz, Sen Kuang, Shuang CongEarly Access, Open AccessDamping, Electro-absorption modulators, Measurement, Memory, Noise, Probability, Protocols, Quantum communication, Qubit, Teleportation

Abstract: Most existing quantum teleportation schemes do not consider the memory effect of noise, which is becoming increasingly serious in practical quantum communication. In this paper, we propose two quantum teleportation protocols for noisy memory channels: one based on pre-flipping (PF) and another incorporating pre-flipping with environment-assisted measurement (PF-EAM). In the PF protocol, a pre-flipping […]

Quantum Communication Complexity of Regularized Linear Regression Protocols

April 24, 2026Sayaki MatsushitaEarly Access, Open AccessCircuit synthesis, Circuits, Circuits and systems, Communication systems, Electronic mail, HTTP, Protocols, Quantum circuit, Quantum communication

Abstract: Linear regression is fundamental to statistical analysis and machine learning, but its application to large-scale datasets necessitates distributed computing. The problem also arises in quantum computing, where handling extensive data requires distributed approaches. This paper investigates distributed linear regression in the quantum coordinator model. Building upon the distributed quantum least squares protocol developed by […]

Robust Design Under Uncertainty in Quantum Error Mitigation

April 3, 2026Maksym Prodius, Piotr Czarnik, Michael McKerns, Andrew T. Sornborger, Lukasz CincioOpen Access, Quantum ComputingCircuit synthesis, Circuits, Circuits and systems, Communication systems, Protocols, Quantum circuit, Quantum communication, Radio access networks, Regional area networks

Abstract: Error mitigation techniques are crucial to achieving near-term quantum advantage. Classical post-processing of quantum computation outcomes is a popular approach for error mitigation, which includes methods such as Zero Noise Extrapolation, Virtual Distillation, and learning-based error mitigation. However, these techniques have limitations due to the propagation of uncertainty resulting from the finite shot number […]

InterQnet: A Heterogeneous Full-Stack Approach to Co-designing Scalable Quantum Networks

March 18, 2026Joaquin Chung, Daniel Dilley, Ely Eastman, Alvin Gonzales, Kara Hokenstad, Md Shariful Islam, Varun Jorapur, Joseph Petrullo, Andy C. Y. Li, Bikun Li, Vasileios Niaouris, Anirudh Ramesh, Ansh Singal, Zeyu Ye, Caitao Zhan, Michael Bishof, Eric Chitambar, Jacob P. Covey, Alan Dibos, Xu Han, Liang Jiang, Prem Kumar, Jeffrey Larson, Zain H. Saleem, Rajkumar KettimuthuEarly Access, Quantum InternetHardware, Optical fiber devices, Optical fiber networks, Optical fiber polarization, Optical fiber theory, Protocols, Quantum entanglement, Quantum repeaters, Repeaters, Scalability

Abstract: Quantum communications have progressed significantly, moving from a theoretical concept to small-scale experiments to recent metropolitan-scale demonstrations. As the technology matures, it is expected to revolutionize quantum computing in much the same way that classical networks revolutionized classical computing. Quantum communications will also enable breakthroughs in quantum sensing, metrology, and other areas. However, scalability […]

Measurement-Informed Safe Reinforcement Learning for Quantum Battery Charging via Harmonic-Syndrome Diagnostics and BMS Constraints

March 3, 2026Sangkeum Lee, Beomdo Park, Junseong Park, Hyeonseok Jang, Hoon Jeong, Taewook HeoQuantum ComputingBatteries, Battery charge measurement, Couplings, Feature extraction, Hardware, Harmonic analysis, Pipelines, Protocols, Reinforcement learning, Safety

Abstract: Quantum batteries promise ultrafast energy storage but are highly sensitive to noise, drift, and hardware constraints, making safe high-performance charging a central challenge for noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. We propose a measurement-informed safe control framework that couples harmonic-spectrum-based syndrome diagnostics—H2/H1, H3/H1, and frequency drift—with a battery management system (BMS)-constrained curriculum reinforcement learning (RL) policy. […]

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing Continuous-Variable Terahertz QKD for Large-Scale Wireless Quantum Communication

March 2, 2026Mingqi Zhang, Kaveh DelfanazariQuantum InternetFast Fourier transforms, Frequency modulation, Hardware, Noise, OFDM, Protocols, Security, Terahertz communications, Terahertz radiation, Wireless communication

Abstract: In this article, we introduce a continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) protocol that combines orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing with terahertz (THz) carriers to deliver high-throughput and hardware-compatible quantum communication. By distributing quantum states across multiple subcarriers, our approach achieves a noticeable increase in spectral efficiency while mitigating dispersion and atmospheric losses that limit the performance […]

Parameter Analysis and Optimization of Layer Fidelity for Quantum Processor Benchmarking at Scale

February 26, 2026Maria Jose Lozano Palacio, Hasan Nayfeh, Matthew Ware, David C. McKayQuantum ComputingBenchmark testing, Cost function, Crosstalk, Logic gates, Monitoring, Object recognition, Performance evaluation, Protocols, Qubit, Stability analysis

Abstract: With the continued scaling of quantum processors, holistic benchmarks are essential for extensively evaluating device performance. Layer fidelity is a benchmark well-suited to assessing processor performance at scale. Key advantages of this benchmark include its natural alignment with randomized benchmarking (RB) procedures, crosstalk awareness, fast measurements over large numbers of qubits, high signal-to-noise ratio, […]