Cryogenics Archives - IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering

Cryo-CMOS Bias-Voltage Generation and Demultiplexing at mK Temperatures for Large-Scale Arrays of Quantum Devices

June 16, 2025Job van Staveren; Luc Enthoven; Peter Luka Bavdaz; Marcel Meyer; Corentin Déprez; Ville NuutinenQuantum ComputingCryogenics, Demultiplexing, Electrodes, Electromagnetic heating, FinFETs, Logic gates, Program processors, Qubit, Voltage control, Wiring

Abstract: The rapidly growing number of qubits in semiconductor quantum computers requires a scalable control interface, including the efficient generation of dc bias voltages for gate electrodes. To avoid unrealistically complex wiring between any room-temperature electronics and the cryogenic qubits, this article presents an integrated cryogenic solution for the bias-voltage generation and distribution for large-scale […]

Novel Trade-offs in 5 nm FinFET SRAM Arrays at Extremely Low Temperatures

December 5, 2024Shivendra Singh Parihar, Girish Pahwa, Baker Mohammad, Yogesh Singh Chauhan, Hussam AmrouchEnabling TechnologiesCircuits, Cryogenics, Electrical resistance measurement, FinFETs, Optimization, Random access memory, Resistance, Transistors, Voltage measurement, Wire

Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)-based computing promises drastic improvement in performance at extremely low temperatures (e.g., 77 K, 10 K). The field of extremely low temperature CMOS-environment-based computing holds the promise of delivering remarkable enhancements in both performance and power consumption. Static random access memory (SRAM) plays a major role in determining the performance and efficiency of […]

Cryogenic Embedded System to Support Quantum Computing: From 5-nm FinFET to Full Processor

August 1, 2023Paul R. GensslerQuantum ComputingCryogenics, Libraries, Quantum computing, Qubit, Semiconductor device measurement, Temperature measurement, Transistors

Quantum computing can enable novel algorithms infeasible for classical computers. For example, new material synthesis and drug optimization could benefit if quantum computers offered more quantum bits (qubits). One obstacle for scaling up quantum computers is the connection between their cryogenic qubits at temperatures between a few millikelvin and a few kelvin (depending on qubit […]

Millimeter-Waves to Terahertz SISO and MIMO Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution

June 14, 2023Mingqi ZhangQuantum Networking & CommunicationsCryogenics, Detectors, Linear antenna arrays, MIMO communication, Quantum key distribution, Transmitters, Wireless communication

With the exponentially increased demands for large bandwidth, it is important to think about the best network platform as well as the security and privacy of the information in communication networks. Millimeter (mm)-waves and terahertz (THz) with high carrier frequencies are proposed as the enabling technologies to overcome Shannon’s channel capacity limit of existing communication […]

Cryogenic Floating-Gate CMOS Circuits for Quantum Control

March 23, 2021Jennifer Hasler; Neil Dick; Kushal Das; Brian Degnan; Alireza Moini; David ReillyOpen Access, Quantum InformationCapacitors, Cryogenics, Current measurement, Integrated circuits, Nonvolatile memory, Transistors, Tunneling

Voltage biases are often required to bias Qubits, and yet applying a static bias requires separate chip wires, dramatically increasing the system complexity. An ideal approach would be having a nonvolatile digital or analog memory to avoid these issues. This article shows floating-gate (FG) structures could be used to set and forget potentials and tunnel […]