Enabling Technologies Archives - IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering

Robust H∞ Uncertainties-Tolerant Observer-Based Reference Quantum Trajectory Tracking Control for Lindblad Master Equation

December 18, 2025Shin-Yi Wen Bor-Sen Chen Chun-Liang LinEnabling TechnologiesControl design, Estimation, Feedback control, Mathematical models, Optimization, Pollution measurement, Quantum state, Quantum system, Trajectory, Trajectory tracking

Abstract: In this article, a robust output feedback reference quantum trajectory tracking control design is proposed through the simultaneous continuous weak measurement of noncommuting observables. Using the robust H∞ uncertainties-tolerant observer-based reference quantum trajectory tracking control (UTOBRQTTC) design strategy, the proposed method can robustly estimate the quantum trajectory and robustly track a sequence of any […]

End-to-End Workflow for Machine-Learning-Based Qubit Readout With QICK and hls4ml

September 11, 2025Giuseppe Di Guglielmo Botao Du Javier Campos Alexandra Boltasseva Akash Dixit Farah FahimEnabling TechnologiesArtificial neural networks, Field programmable gate arrays, Hardware, Microprogramming, Microwave amplifiers, Microwave circuits, Qubit, Resonant frequency, Software, Table lookup

Abstract: In this article, we present an end-to-end workflow for superconducting qubit readout that embeds codesigned neural networks into the quantum instrumentation control kit (QICK). Capitalizing on the custom firmware and software of the QICK platform, which is built on Xilinx radiofrequency system-on-chip field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), we aim to leverage machine learning (ML) to […]

Benchmarking the Ability of a Controller to Execute Quantum Error Corrected Non-Clifford Circuits

September 9, 2025Yaniv Kurman Lior Ella Ramon Szmuk Oded Wertheim Benedikt Dorschner Sam StanwyckEnabling TechnologiesBenchmark testing, Circuits, Codes, Decoding, Fault tolerance, Fault tolerant systems, Logic gates, Measurement uncertainty, Quantum computing, Qubit

Abstract: Reaching fault-tolerant quantum computation relies on the successful implementation of non-Clifford circuits with quantum error correction (QEC). In QEC, quantum gates and measurements encode quantum information into an error-protected Hilbert space, while classical processing decodes the measurements into logical errors. QEC non-Clifford gates pose the greatest computation challenge from the classical controller’s perspective, as […]

Memory-Optimized Cubic Splines for High-Fidelity Quantum Operations

May 28, 2025Jan Ole Ernst; Jan Snoeijs; Mitchell Peaks; Jochen WolfEnabling Technologies, UncategorizedCurve fitting, Field programmable gate arrays, Fitting, Hardware, Logic gates, Memory management, Polynomials, Quantum computing, Qubit, Splines (mathematics)

Abstract: Radio frequency pulses are preponderant for the control of quantum bits and the execution of operations in quantum computers. The ability to fine-tune key pulse parameters, such as time-dependent amplitude, phase, and frequency, is essential to achieve maximal gate fidelity and mitigate errors. As systems increase in scale, a larger proportion of the control […]

RSFQ All-Digital Programmable Multitone Generator for Quantum Applications

December 20, 2024João Barbosa, Jack C. Brennan, Alessandro Casaburi, M. D. Hutchings, Alex Kirichenko, Oleg Mukhanov, Martin WeidesEnabling TechnologiesComb filters, Computer architecture, Delays, Generators, Photon detectors, Quantum circuit, Qubit, Scalability, Shift registers, Standards

One of the most important and topical challenges of quantum circuits is their scalability. Rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) technology is at the forefront of replacing current standard CMOS-based control architectures for a number of applications, including quantum computing and quantum sensor arrays. By condensing the control and readout to single-flux-quantum-based on-chip devices that are […]

Novel Trade-offs in 5 nm FinFET SRAM Arrays at Extremely Low Temperatures

December 5, 2024Shivendra Singh Parihar, Girish Pahwa, Baker Mohammad, Yogesh Singh Chauhan, Hussam AmrouchEnabling TechnologiesCircuits, Cryogenics, Electrical resistance measurement, FinFETs, Optimization, Random access memory, Resistance, Transistors, Voltage measurement, Wire

Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)-based computing promises drastic improvement in performance at extremely low temperatures (e.g., 77 K, 10 K). The field of extremely low temperature CMOS-environment-based computing holds the promise of delivering remarkable enhancements in both performance and power consumption. Static random access memory (SRAM) plays a major role in determining the performance and efficiency of […]

Simulation of Charge Stability Diagrams for Automated Tuning Solutions (SimCATS)

August 20, 2024Fabian Hader, Sarah Fleitmann, Jan Vogelbruch, Lotte Geck, Stefan van WaasenEnabling TechnologiesComputational modeling, Electrons, Logic gates, Quantum computing, Quantum dots, Quantum mechanics, Tuning

Quantum dots (QDs) must be tuned precisely to provide a suitable basis for quantum computation. A scalable platform for quantum computing can only be achieved by fully automating the tuning process. One crucial step is to trap the appropriate number of electrons in the QDs, typically accomplished by analyzing charge stability diagrams (CSDs). Training and […]

Superconducting Through-Substrate Vias on Sapphire Substrates for Quantum Circuits

June 20, 2024Kiyotaka Mukasa, Yusuke Nuruki, Hayato Kubo, Yoshihide Narahara, Motohiro Umehara, Kazuyuki FujieEnabling TechnologiesFilms, Qubit, Substrates, Superconducting films, Superconducting microwave devices, Superconducting transition temperature, Tin

Sapphire substrates have recently been recognized for their potential to improve the coherence time of superconducting qubits. However, due to challenges in via fabrication, silicon substrates have been predominantly used for qubits. In this study, we fabricated vias on sapphire substrates using lasers and deposited TiN films by chemical vapor deposition. Cross-sectional views of the […]

Optimizing the Electrical Interface for Large-Scale Color-Center Quantum Processors

June 19, 2024Luc Enthoven, Masoud Babaie, Fabio Sebastiano,Enabling TechnologiesColor, Diamonds, Electrons, Magnetic fields, Program processors, Quantum computing, Qubit

Quantum processors based on color centers in diamond are promising candidates for future large-scale quantum computers thanks to their flexible optical interface, (relatively) high operating temperature, and high-fidelity operation. Similar to other quantum computing platforms, the electrical interface required to control and read out such qubits may limit both the performance of the whole system […]

FASQuiC: Flexible Architecture for Scalable Spin Qubit Control

June 5, 2024Mathieu Toubeix, Eric Guthmuller, Adrian Evans, Antoine Faurie, Tristan Meunier,Enabling TechnologiesCalibration, Computer architecture, Field programmable gate arrays, Frequency control, Generators, Hardware, Logic gates

As scaling becomes a key issue for large-scale quantum computing, hardware control systems will become increasingly costly in resources. This article presents a compact direct digital synthesis architecture for signal generation adapted for spin qubits that is scalable in terms of waveform accuracy and the number of synchronized channels. The architecture can produce programmable combinations […]