Fault tolerance Archives - IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering

Benchmarking the Ability of a Controller to Execute Quantum Error Corrected Non-Clifford Circuits

September 9, 2025Yaniv Kurman Lior Ella Ramon Szmuk Oded Wertheim Benedikt Dorschner Sam StanwyckEnabling TechnologiesBenchmark testing, Circuits, Codes, Decoding, Fault tolerance, Fault tolerant systems, Logic gates, Measurement uncertainty, Quantum computing, Qubit

Abstract: Reaching fault-tolerant quantum computation relies on the successful implementation of non-Clifford circuits with quantum error correction (QEC). In QEC, quantum gates and measurements encode quantum information into an error-protected Hilbert space, while classical processing decodes the measurements into logical errors. QEC non-Clifford gates pose the greatest computation challenge from the classical controller’s perspective, as […]

Reducing Quantum Error Correction Overhead With Versatile Flag-Sharing Syndrome Extraction Circuits

May 13, 2025Pei-Hao Liou; Ching-Yi LaiQuantum Computing, UncategorizedCircuits, Codes, Decoding, Error correction, Fault tolerance, Fault tolerant systems, Logic gates, Measurement uncertainty, Quantum computing, Qubit

Abstract: Given that quantum error correction processes are unreliable, an efficient error syndrome extraction circuit should use fewer ancillary qubits, quantum gates, and measurements while maintaining low circuit depth, to minimize the circuit area, roughly defined as the product of circuit depth and the number of physical qubits. We propose to design parallel flagged syndrome […]

Security and Fairness in Multiparty Quantum Secret Sharing Protocol

January 29, 2025Alessio Di Santo, Walter Tiberti, Dajana CassioliQuantum InternetAuthentication, Cryptography, Fault tolerance, Fault tolerant systems, Network topology, Protocols, Quantum networks, Routing, Scalability, Topology

Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is a cryptographic protocol that leverages quantum mechanics to distribute a secret among multiple parties. With respect to the classical counterpart, in QSS, the secret is encoded into quantum states and shared by a dealer such that only an authorized subsets of participants, i.e., the players, can reconstruct it. Several state-of-the-art […]

Shor’s Algorithm Using Efficient Approximate Quantum Fourier Transform

September 25, 2023Kento OonishiQuantum ComputingApproximation algorithms, Computational efficiency, Fault tolerance, Fault tolerant systems, Fourier transforms, Logic gates, Qubit

Shor’s algorithm solves the integer factoring and discrete logarithm problems in polynomial time. Therefore, the evaluation of Shor’s algorithm is essential for evaluating the security of currently used public-key cryptosystems because the integer factoring and discrete logarithm problems are crucial for the security of these cryptosystems. In this article, a new approximate quantum Fourier transform […]

Hardness of Braided Quantum Circuit Optimization in the Surface Code

March 30, 2023Kunihiro WasaQuantum ComputingFault tolerance, Fault tolerant systems, Lattices, Logic gates, Optimization, Quantum circuit, Qubit

Large-scale quantum information processing requires the use of quantum error-correcting codes to mitigate the effects of noise in quantum devices. Topological error-correcting codes, such as surface codes, are promising candidates, as they can be implemented using only local interactions in a 2-D array of physical qubits. Procedures, such as defect braiding and lattice surgery, can […]

The Optimization and Application of 3-Bit Hermitian Gates and Multiple Control Toffoli Gates

November 2, 2022Hai-Sheng LiOpen Access, Quantum ComputingFault tolerance, Fault tolerant systems, Logic gates, Optimization, Quantum algorithm, Quantum circuit, Qubit

The well-known 3-bit Hermitian gate (a Toffoli gate) has been implemented using Clifford+T circuits. Compared with the Peres gate, its implementation circuit requires more controlled- not (cnot) gates. However, the Peres gate is not Hermitian. This article reports four 3-bit Hermitian gates named LI gates, whose realized circuits have the same T-count, T-depth, and cnot […]

Fault-Tolerant Resource Estimation of Quantum Random-Access Memories

January 17, 2020Olivia Di Matteo; Vlad Gheorghiu; Michele MoscaOpen AccessFault tolerance, Fault tolerant systems, Indexes, Logic gates, Qubit

Quantum random-access lookup of a string of classical bits is a necessary ingredient in several important quantum algorithms. In some cases, the cost of such quantum random-access memory (qRAM) is the limiting factor in the implementation of the algorithm. In this article, we study the cost of fault-tolerantly implementing a qRAM. We construct and analyze […]