Abstract:
Superconducting qubits are pivotal in advancing quantum computing, poised for scale but limited by the complexity and fidelity of their control and readout systems, relying on RF and signal processing infrastructure. This survey serves as a comprehensive and technically grounded review of control and readout architectures tailored for superconducting qubits. Synthesizing insights from device physics, circuit design, microwave engineering, signal processing, and cryogenic integration, this work details the practicalities of RF pulse generation, signal synthesis, and readout signal analysis for quantum systems. It covers key requirements, parameters, and pulse engineering techniques, including commonly used envelopes like Gaussian and DRAG designs. Moving to the system level, this survey systematically classifies and critically analyzes current architectural strategies (covering key areas like frequency conversion, waveform management, and system infrastructure) and technology platforms (including adaptive classical control stacks, cryogenic CMOS circuits, and novel interconnects and interfaces), evaluating their tradeoffs in performance. Extensive literature analysis identifies prevailing limitations such as wiring complexity, thermal budget constraints, latency, and power consumption, while highlighting underexplored opportunities for on-chip signal processing and novel interconnects, drawing analogies to advanced communication system design. By consolidating diverse control paradigms and critically evaluating their tradeoffs, this survey provides a unified foundation for designing next-generation quantum control stacks. Finally, a forward-looking roadmap outlines key trends in monolithic integration, cryo-compatible digital architectures, and physics-informed hardware co-design, offering both a retrospective synthesis and a prospective vision for quantum hardware engineering beyond the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era.