A quantum Bloom filter is a spatially more efficient data structure which is used to represent a set of n elements by using O(lognk) qubits. In this article, we define and design a quantum Bloom filter and its corresponding algorithms. Due to the reversibility of quantum operators, it can not only add a new element to a quantum Bloom filter but also delete an existing element from the quantum Bloom filter. Furthermore, we employ the quantum Bloom filter to solve two private issues, i.e., oblivious set-member decision and multiparty private set intersection cardinality. The results show that the quantum Bloom filter has inherent advantages in privacy-preserving applications concerning set operations.

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https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9336250